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A Jack or Knave, in some games referred to as a 4️⃣ Bower, in Tarot card games as a Valet, is a playing card which, in traditional French and English decks, pictures 4️⃣ a man in the traditional or historic aristocratic or courtier dress, generally associated with Europe of the 16th or 17th 4️⃣ century. The usual rank of a jack is between the ten and the queen.

History [ edit ]

Knave of coins from 4️⃣ the oldest known European deck ( c. 1390–1410 )

The earliest predecessor of the knave was the thānī nā'ib (second or 4️⃣ under-deputy) in the Mamluk card deck. This was the lowest of the three court cards and like all court cards 4️⃣ was depicted through abstract art or calligraphy. When brought over to Italy and Spain, the thānī nā'ib was made into 4️⃣ an infantry soldier or page ranking below the knight card. In France, where the card was called the valet, the 4️⃣ queen was inserted between the king and knight. The knight was subsequently dropped out of non-Tarot decks leaving the valet 4️⃣ directly under the queen. The king-queen-valet format then made its way into England.